Evaluation of the potential risks of heavy metal contamination in rice paddy soils around an abandoned Hg mine area in Southwest China

To assess the potential ecological and health risks of trace elements(Hg,Cd,As,Mn,Sb,Pb,Cu,Ni,Cr,and Zn),a total of 138 soil samples from rice paddies were collected during the rice harvest season in the Wanshan mining area,Guizhou Province,Southwest China.Factors of the pollution load index(PLI),geo-accumulation index(I-Geo),enrichment factor(EF),and risk index(RI)were determined.High concentrations of Hg,Sb,As,Zn,Cd,Cu,and Mn were observed in the soils.The PLI,I-Geo,and EF results all showed high levels of contamination by Hg and Sb and moderate levels of contamination by As,Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd,and Mn.There was no significant contamination from Ni and Cr.The RI was very high,with Hg as the dominant pollutant,as expected,indicating that the historical large-scale Hg mining,as well as artisanal mining,has had a significant impact on the Wanshan area.Moreover,coal combustion,manganese factories,and the use of agrochemicals by the local population could also have an impact on the soil through the introduction of heavy metal loads.To address the current state of contamination,pollutant remediation and the regulation control of the anthropogenic activities in Wanshan are urgently needed.     

Simulation Study of Potential Impacts of Tidal Farm in the Eastern Waters of Chengshan Cape,China

The sea area east of Chenshan Cape has peak tidal current flows that exceed 2.3 m s-1, which make it a promising site for the development of tidal current energy. Before these resources can be exploited, a comprehensive assessment is needed of the potential environmental impacts of the extraction of this energy. In this paper, we describe our construction of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the waters near Chengshan Cape, and verify the performance of the model using continuous data measured in situ. We modeled the potential impacts of the exploitation of these resources on the flow field by adding a momentum loss term in the governing equation of the model. Simulation results show that an assumed tidal farm with an estimated power output of 20.34 MW would have a significant impact on the surrounding water level, especially next to the farm, where fluctuation could reach 6 cm. The maximum drop in the flow velocity in the wake of the farm was predicted to be more than 0.8 m s-1, and this influence would extend 10 km downstream.     

Levels of Metabolic Enzymes and Nitrogenous Compounds in the Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus Exposed to Elevated Ambient Ammonia-N

This study investigated the effects of ammonia-N(control and 1 and 5 mg L~(-1)) on the changes of metabolic enzymes activities and nitrogenous compounds levels in the gills, hepatopancreas, muscles, and hemolymph of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Results showed that the levels of hemolymph ammonia increased significantly at 6 h and then decreased to control level at 12 h. The activities of key enzymes involved in biosynthesis pathways of glutamine(Gln) and urea, such as glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH), glutamine synthetase(GS), and arginase(ARG), increased remarkably in different tissues of P. trituberculatus. Gln level was the highest in muscles, while urea content was the largest in hepatopancreas. The m RNA expression level of xanthine dehydrogenase(XDH) was downregulated sharply in gills but upregulated in the hepatopancreas and muscles. A small amount of uric acid was detected in the hemolymph. This result suggests that Gln in muscles may be used as an intermediary nitrogen repository, while urea may be primarily synthesized in the hepatopancreas and then transferred to other tissues via the hemolymph. Uric acid could be synthesized by the anabolism of purine nucleotides, in additon to the inhibitory activities of gills. In addition, the levels of Gln, urea and uric acid exhibited dose-and time-dependent effects with ammonia content. Therefore, P. trituberculatus could possibly convert ammonia into Gln, urea, or uric acid to detoxify ammonia during high ambient ammonia-N stress.     

丽水山地夏季避暑旅游气候适宜度评价

利用2015—2019年丽水市283个气象观测站的逐日和逐时资料,采用中国气象局“避暑旅游气候适宜度评价方法”行业标准,在研究避暑旅游气候适宜度时空分布的基础上,运用GIS平台建立不同地形条件下避暑旅游适宜度地理推算模型,对丽水避暑旅游气候适宜度进行区划。结果表明,丽水山地夏季避暑旅游气候适宜等级为很适宜,所占区域居绝对比重。6月丽水各站避暑适宜度为很适宜,以海拔800 m为界,随着海拔高度的升高,适宜度先增后减。7—8月避暑旅游气候适宜度随海拔高度增加而提升,300 m以上为较适宜及以上级别。地理推算模型表明,丽水避暑旅游气候适宜度与海拔高度密切相关,庆元适宜及以上等级区域面积占比为全市最高,避暑旅游气候条件最优,其次景宁、遂昌、龙泉避暑旅游气候适宜度也较优越。     

国内外基础地质数据更新现状与思考

在大数据、云计算、移动互联网等信息技术的推动下,地质科研范式正由过去的经验范式、理论范式向数据密集型范式转变。基础地质数据是国家基础性、战略性、公益性地质调查工作成果,反映了地质调查的精度和质量,是地质调查工作创新、服务和可持续发展的基点与源泉,决定了地质调查事业发展的战略制高点和竞争力。在以密集数据为基础的科学研究第四范式即将来临之际,基础地质数据的数量、质量和更新时效已成为衡量一个国家地质调查工作水准的基础标准之一。大部分国家按照严格的技术标准实现了基础地质数据库的实时更新和基础地质数据与图件的一体化表达,并面向社会需求研发出类别丰富的地质数据衍生产品。我国虽然建成了地质云平台,实现了一批数据库的汇聚和共享,但基础地质数据更新机制尚不健全,影响了宏观尺度的地质认知水平;基础地质数据更新标准与技术刚刚提上日程,制约了地质调查工作的支撑服务能力;基础地质数据研发服务能力不足,限制了数据更新的外在需求。基于此,本文提出了依托地质云平台构建基础地质数据更新体系的建议:一是建立“地质云节点一盘棋”的数据更新工作机制;二是构建全国统一的基础地质数据更新标准体系;三是构建“大数据、智能化和在线化”三位一体的数据更新技术体系;四是打造多方稳定协同的数据更新队伍体系。     

储层致密化与油气充注的关系:以三肇凹陷白垩系扶余油层为例

为了明确松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层储层致密化与油气充注相关性,利用微米CT、流体包裹体显微分析、盆地模拟等方法,研究了该储层微观孔喉特征,且定量分析了其成藏期。根据储层孔隙演化信息分析了研究区储层致密化过程和油气成藏的关系。结果发现:三肇凹陷扶余致密储层岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,孔喉特征表现为窄喉道、宽孔隙、孔喉配置差、微细喉道总体积大等特征。压实作用和胶结作用为储层致密化重要成因,储层致密时间应该在嫩江组末之前。流体包裹体分析结果表明三肇凹陷扶余储层油充注分为早期和晚期,相应的充注时间分别距今77~74 Ma、67~65 Ma,分别对应于嫩江组沉积期和明水组沉积末期。综合对比扶余油层油气成藏历史和储层孔隙演化特征,认为原油充注发生储层致密化之后,即先致密后成藏。     

Recent expansion of talus slopes in the northern Taihang Mountain Range,China: an example from the Xiaowutai Region

Landslides - Talus slopes play an important role in landscape evolution in some mid-altitude mountains. In this study, we analyzed talus slope activity on Xiaowutai Mountain in the Northern Taihang...     

河流泥沙输移过程中矿物风化的碳汇效应初探——以长江干流为例

本文首先提出了河流泥沙输移过程中泥沙中的钙镁矿物溶蚀消耗水体中的CO2并具有碳汇功能的观点。基于前人长江干流从源头到入海口和支流2003~2007年期间4次河流悬移质泥沙的化学元素组成和矿物组成资料,分析悬移质中CaO、MgO含量和方解石、白云石含量变化特征,定量计算了这些取样点悬移质泥沙的CO2总碳汇能力和非永久性、永久性碳汇能力,分析了不同碳汇能力沿程变化规律及其原因。碳汇计算结果表明：寸滩—大通河段1956~2000年期间泥沙输移过程中钙镁矿物溶蚀产生的总碳汇量、非永久性和永久性碳汇量分别为2572万t/a、1700万t/a和872万t/a。由于输沙量减少,寸滩站—大通站河段的总碳汇量、非永久性和永久性碳汇量2006~2019年期间较1956~2000年期间相应分别减少了1852万t、1224万t和872万t。三峡水库年均淤积量1. 145亿t,损失总碳汇量675. 6万t,相当于三峡电站减排二氧化碳8580万t的7. 9%。全球河流入海年输沙量126. 1亿t,以寸滩- 吴淞口河段碳汇功能0. 060 t/t计,总碳汇量7. 57亿t相当于全球岩石风化碳汇总量10. 56亿t CO2的71. 6%。河流泥沙输移过程中钙镁矿物溶蚀的碳汇量具有重要的作用,其溶蚀速率大于原地风化。     

机载光学全谱段遥感林火监测

森林火灾是一种危害极大的自然灾害，是森林扰动的主要类型之一，直接影响森林生态系统结构、碳循环甚至全球气候的变化。近年来，航空平台和传感器的技术进步有效地提升了机载遥感系统探测和监测森林火灾的能力，推动了机载遥感在森林可燃物调查及载量评估、火险测报预测、火场态势及火情监测、灾害损失评估以及火烧迹地生态修复治理等方面的应用。本文首先介绍了中国林业科学研究院机载光学全谱段遥感系统CAF-LiTCHy（Chinese Academy of Forestry’s LiDAR，Thermal，CCD and Hyperspectral airborne observation system），描述了激光雷达扫描仪、热红外相机、CCD相机和高光谱传感器等传感器的参数；然后，阐明了集成方案和观测数据的处理方法；最后，以四川省西昌市“3.30森林火灾”作为该系统火后灾情遥感调查和灾情评估应用示例，综合多传感器数据特征，进行森林火烧程度评价，分析该系统采集的正射影像、冠层高度模型、高光谱影像、热红外影像在森林火灾监测评价中的潜力。研究结果表明CAF-LiTCHy机载遥感观测系统能有效获取森林火灾的灾情信息、火场及火环境参数，可为预防、预报预警、扑救指挥、灾害评估和生态修复提供支持。